Monday, April 13, 2015
That
is the atomic number, which coincides, as suggested by the Dutch
scientist Antonius Van den Broek, with the magnitude of the positive
charge on the nucleus of the atom, became the basis for classification
of chemical elements. In
1920 the English physicist James Chadwick experimentally determined
the nuclear charge of copper silver and platinum, obtaining for them
the values of 29.3, 46.3 and 77.4, respectively, which almost
coincided with their atomic numbers 29, 47 and 78.
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Each subsequent element is different from the previous view that its nucleus the number of protons increases by one, and the number of neutrons increases, in the general case for a few. That is, the kernel is always more neutrons than protons (not counting the very light nuclei). In the literature it is strange the ratio of neutrons to the number of protons, for any kernel, nothing is explained. To build a model of atomic nuclei we note that while the alpha radioactivity of helium nuclei have approximately equal energy. Therefore, on the outer envelope of the kernel will place all of the protons with the same number of neutrons, ie at one energy level can only bosons, which located on the outer envelope of the nucleus and the alpha particles are. Inside the nucleus putting the remaining neutrons, whose task will be the weakening of electrostatic repulsion of protons fields. Assuming a spherical nucleus, and the radii of protons and neutrons of about the same, for any element was the kernel model to explain the ratio of neutrons to the number of protons, derived from the package kernel atom nucleons. (Mismatch 0-10%). Radioactive decay is probably associated with the compression of the nucleus, because with the growth of the sequence number of neutrons an element of the kernel becoming increasingly weakened radial repulsive force of protons. If the mass of the nucleus to take primary and secondary chemical properties of the atom, the table of elements atomic weight should be monotonically changed, both horizontally and vertically. Building the table on these grounds, we are forced, after lutetium and Lawrence left four empty seats, so that the chemical properties of elements. Perhaps, at the opening of the need to become the definition of the charge of the nucleus! (Charge of the nucleus is determined only for copper and platinum). See the table on the site - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/pages/5023.html
ReplyDeletein Russian see at http://physicaltable.blogspot.com sorry for mashine translate